Most interpreted programming languages parse source files and translate/compile them into opcode/bytecode that are suitable to be executed in the virtual machine. Python for example, dumps the compiled opcode into the .pyc or .pyo files so when the same file is imported again in the future, no parsing and compilation needs to be done. On the other hand plain vanilla PHP does not really have a way to save cached opcode so that at every request, source files have to be parsed and compiled into opcode again and again.
So we have the PHP accelerators which are mostly opcode cachers + optimiser, which cache the compiled opcode to either memory or disk, so the scripts don’t need to be parsed and compiled again in subsequent requests. They greatly improve the performance, and even the up-coming PHP6 will have the APC built in by default.

